Beyond Antiretrovirals: Exploring Gene Therapy Approaches in HIV Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.720Keywords:
HIV, Antiretrovirals, Gene TherapyAbstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is considered a major public health issue, having claimed the lives of 40.4 million people since the beginning of the epidemic in 1981, with ongoing transmission in all countries globally. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising avenue for combating HIV infection, offering potential advantages over conventional antiretroviral therapies. Currently, the most widely used therapy for the treatment of HIV is highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Though this has significantly improved the quality of life for the people living with this virus, it comes with many challenges such as resistance mutations that allow for viral escape and adverse side effects. Gene therapy treatments for HIV aim to reconstitute the immune system with HIV-resistant cells and inhibit formation of HIV proteins that are vital for the survival of the virus, providing a potential functional cure for the disease with minimal adverse side effects for the patient. These strategies include the use of RNA and protein-based agents that target specific viral and host genes. There has been significant progress in the study of these therapies, some of which have even progressed to the clinical trial phase. This paper will review the different gene therapy approaches for HIV treatment as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
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