Does Physical Activity In Athletes Affect The SCFA Production By Gut Microflora Influencing The Gut-Brain Axis?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.673Keywords:
gut microflora, exercise, gut-brain axis, bacteria, SCFAsAbstract
The microbiome in the gut contains over 100 trillion microbes (Rinninella et al., 2019), with a diversity of between 300 and 1000 bacterial species (Guinane and Cotter 2013). The anaerobic gut microflora can produce 500 to 600 mmols of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) daily in the lumen of the large intestine. SCFAs play a key role in gut homeostasis through communication with the central nervous system. Communication between these luminal metabolites and the nervous system - gut brain axis - is established through the vagus nerve. Vagal afferent and efferent nerves establish the bidirectional talk between the gut and the central nervous system. Among many parameters that can fluctuate the SCFA production in the gut, regular physical exercise has shown positive effect on the gut-brain axis through vagal afferent activation via free fatty acid receptors (FFA) The correlation between aerobic exercise with VO2 of 50% and the increased SCFA production has been analyzed in this review. 7 types of athletic activities have been considered to study the effect of SCFA production. Rugby players, competitive cyclists, female endurance runners, female athletes, elderly male athletes, elderly men subjected to 6 week exercise programs, and subjects participating in a 6 week endurance exercise program have been reviewed. The results of these studies suggest that strenuous physical activity leads to increased SCFA production in comparison to control groups. These SCFAs impact mood, behavior, as well as capability of muscle hypertrophy. This is highly relevant to athletes. This hormonal response is relayed to the central nervous system via the afferent vagus nerve.
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