Preprint / Version 1

eVTOL and Flying Car Technology Simplified with a Tire-Propeller Hybrid

##article.authors##

  • Justin Doan Bellarmine College Preparatory

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.660

Keywords:

eVTOL, flying car, transportation, aviation

Abstract

New forms of air transportation are being explored as congestion on today's roads steadily increases. Of the new forms of air transportation being explored, electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft could be the future of sustainable transportation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Even though they are promising, many existing eVTOL architectures will likely struggle to be widely adopted due to the need for appropriate vertiports. This paper discusses flying cars and Flying Car Transportation Systems (FCTS), vehicles with driving and flying capability, as a subset of eVTOLs to let one efficiently travel from home, vertiport, and destination and vice versa without interruption. In particular, the novelty of a tire-propeller hybrid (TPH) is considered as a simplified propulsion system for both driving and flying that enables the widespread adoption of eVTOLs. A concept for one is proposed, and a simple feasibility analysis based on momentum theory is conducted. 

References

Pishue, B. (2023, January 9). 2022 global traffic scorecard: Congestion is up despite high oil prices. Inrix. https://inrix.com/blog/2022-traffic-scorecard/#:~:text=Across%20the%20globe%2C%2058%25%20of,up%205%25%20over%20last%20year.

Pan, G., & Alouini, M. S. (2021). Flying car transportation system: Advances, techniques, and challenges. IEEE Access, 9, 24586-24603.

Goetz, A. R. (2019). Transport challenges in rapidly growing cities: is there a magic bullet?. Transport Reviews, 39(6), 701-705.

Brink, L., Brown, R., Carter, S., Esqué, A., Meigs, B., & Riedel, R. (2023, May 31). Short-haul flying redefined: The promise of regional air mobility. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/aerospace-and-defense/our-insights/short-haul-flying-redefined-the-promise-of-regional-air-mobility

Hussain, A., & Silver, D. (2021, January 26). Advanced air mobility. Deloitte Insights. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/aerospace-defense/advanced-air-mobility.html

Swaminathan, N., Reddy, S. R. P., RajaShekara, K., & Haran, K. S. (2022). Flying Cars and eVTOLs—Technology Advancements, Powertrain Architectures, and Design. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(4), 4105-4117.

Ugwueze, O., Statheros, T., Horri, N., Bromfield, M. A., & Simo, J. (2023). An Efficient and Robust Sizing Method for eVTOL Aircraft Configurations in Conceptual Design. Aerospace, 10(3), 311.

Bacchini, A., & Cestino, E. (2019). Electric VTOL configurations comparison. Aerospace, 6(3), 26.

Dumé, I. (2023, April 18). Lithium-ion batteries break energy density record. Physics World. https://physicsworld.com/a/lithium-ion-batteries-break-energy-density-record/

Wheeler, P., Sirimanna, T. S., Bozhko, S., & Haran, K. S. (2021). Electric/hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 109(6), 1115-1127.

Baldanza, B. (2022, August 29). Evtols face significant challenges in passenger applications. Forbes.

Top 3 challenges for evtols. Embention. (2023, March 6). https://www.embention.com/news/populations-acceptance-of-uam-2/

Straubinger, A., Rothfeld, R., Shamiyeh, M., Büchter, K. D., Kaiser, J., & Plötner, K. O. (2020). An overview of current research and developments in urban air mobility–Setting the scene for UAM introduction. Journal of Air Transport Management, 87, 101852.

Smith, R. (2023, March 7). The future of infrastructure for evtols. JD Supra. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-future-of-infrastructure-for-evtols-6642430/#:~:text=Not%20an%20easy%20job%20currently,build%20vertiports%20can%20be%20difficult

Rajashekara, K., Wang, Q., & Matsuse, K. (2016). Flying cars: Challenges and propulsion strategies. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 4(1), 46-57.

Jang, S. J. (2022). Flying car related technology trends. European Journal of Engineering and Technology, 10(1).

Daleo, J. (2023, July 4). Alef Aeronautics’ flying car design awarded FAA Special Airworthiness Certificate. FLYING Magazine. https://www.flyingmag.com/alef-aeronautics-flying-car-design-awarded-faa-special-airworthiness-approval/

Rajashekara, K., Wang, Q., & Matsuse, K. (2016). Flying cars: Challenges and propulsion strategies. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 4(1), 46-57.

Terrafugia’s TF-X Flying Car. Aerospace Technology. (n.d.). https://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/terrafugias-tf-x-flying-car/

Pan, G., & Alouini, M. S. (2021). Flying car transportation system: Advances, techniques, and challenges. IEEE Access, 9, 24586-24603.

Sailer, M. M., Lampl, D. E., & Armanini, S. F. (2023). Feasibility Analysis of a Flying Car with In-Wheel Electric Ducted Fans. In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum (p. 4050).

Goodyear EMEA. (2020, September 16). The goodyear aero – a concept tire for autonomous, Flying Cars. Goodyear AERO Tire Autonomous Flying Cars. https://news.goodyear.eu/aero/

Perkins, R. (2023, June 27). New bioinspired robot flies, rolls, walks, and more. California Institute of Technology. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/new-bioinspired-robot-flies-rolls-walks-and-more

XPENG EXHIBITS FULL PRODUCT RANGE AT IAA MOBILITY 2021 – INCLUDING ITS FLYING CAR. XPENG. (2021, September 2). https://www.heyxpeng.com/news/017f633e11eb7f4f58e62c9e206e0149

Wheel Size Basics. America’s Tire. (n.d.). https://www.americastire.com/learn/wheel-size?storeCode=1480

Leishman, J. G. (2006). Principles of helicopter aerodynamics (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Vertical Flight Society. (n.d.). eVTOL Aircraft Directory. Electric VTOL News. https://evtol.news/news

CityAirbus NextGen. Airbus. (n.d.). https://www.airbus.com/en/innovation/low-carbon-aviation/urban-air-mobility/cityairbus-nextgen

Joby Begins Flight Testing with Pilot On Board. Joby. (2023, October 4). https://www.jobyaviation.com/news/joby-begins-flight-testing-pilot-on-board/

Airspace Experience Technologies. (n.d.). https://www.iflyasx.com/

VX4. Vertical Aerospace . (n.d.). https://vertical-aerospace.com/vx4/

XPENG AEROHT. (n.d.). https://www.aeroht.com/products/products

Siemens SP200D direct drive motor for aviation applications at AERO Friedrichshafen 2018. Wikipedia. (2018, April 18). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AERO_Friedrichshafen_2018,_Friedrichshafen_(1X7A4701).jpg

Downloads

Posted

2023-11-24