From Recommendation to Exploration: A Human-Centered Review of Conversational Recommender Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.4238Keywords:
Conversational Recommender Systems, Natural language interaction, Human-centered CRS, Explainability, Exploration, User experienceAbstract
Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) have emerged as an important research area that combines recommendation algorithms with natural language interaction to provide more personalized and engaging user experiences. While current studies mostly focus on improving accuracy, dialogue management, and model performance, less attention has been given to user experience. This literature review examines the shift from system-centered research toward human-centered CRS design by synthesizing studies on explainability, trust, discoverability, preference elicitation, and exploratory information seeking. It compares different ways that help the user who is not sure what they are looking for to explore information instead of providing the most accurate recommendations. This review also discusses the current method for evaluating users’ experience and some improvements that could be made to it. Overall, this review argues that future research ought to not only be done towards improving recommendation accuracy but also on user experience by helping them to understand, explore, and make better decisions.
Keywords: Conversational Recommender Systems, Natural language interaction, Human-centered CRS, Explainability, Exploration, User experience
References
Christakopoulou, K., Radlinski, F., & Hofmann, K. (2016). Towards Conversational Recommender Systems. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/2939672.2939746
Dai, X., Wang, Z., Xie, J., Yu, T., & Lui, J. C. (2024). Online learning and detecting corrupted users for conversational recommendation systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 36(12), 8939-8953. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=10643701
David Moher, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaf, and Douglas G. Altman. 2009.Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMAstatement. BMJ 339 (July 2009), b2535. https://www.bmj.com/content/339/bmj.b2535 Publisher: British Medical Journal Publishing Group Section: Research Methods& Reporting
Du, H., Peng, B., & Ning, X. (2025, April). SAPIENT: Mastering multi-turn conversational recommendation with strategic planning and Monte Carlo tree search. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) (pp. 2629-2648). https://aclanthology.org/2025.naacl-long.133.pdf
Hidayat, M. L., Ahmad, I., Assidiqi, M. H., Khanzada, T. J., & Meccawy, M. (2025, May). Knowledge Discovery and Scientometric Analysis of Conversational Artificial Intelligence (CAI) for Mental Health. In 2025 International Conference on Innovation in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (AIIT) (pp. 1-15). IEEE. google.com/url?q=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393929959_Knowledge_Discovery_and_Scientometric_Analysis_of_Conversational_Artificial_Intelligence_CAI_for_Mental_Health&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1791158695782056&usg=AOvVaw1HOEjoLCPiL9WEyziTZVgW
Huang, C., Qin, P., Deng, Y., Lei, W., Lv, J., & Chua, T. S. (2024). Concept--An Evaluation Protocol on Conversational Recommender Systems with System-centric and User-centric Factors. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.03304. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.03304
Jannach, D., Manzoor, A., Cai, W., & Chen, L. (2020). A Survey on Conversational Recommender Systems. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 54, 1 - 36. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3453154
Jin, Y., Chen, L., Cai, W., & Pu, P. (2021). Key Qualities of Conversational Recommender Systems: From Users’ Perspective. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3472307.3484164
Jin, Y., Chen, L., Cai, W., & Zhao, X. (2023). CRS-Que: A User-centric Evaluation Framework for Conversational Recommender Systems. ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems, 2, 1 - 34. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3631534
Kalirai, M., & Kuzminykh, A. (2024, July). You Today, Better Tomorrow: Envisioning the Role of Conversation in Recommender Systems of the Future. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (pp. 1-5). https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3640794.3665881
Kalirai, M., & Kuzminykh, A. (2026). Explanation Driving Exploration: Aligning Conversational Recommender Systems with Users' Exploratory Information Needs. Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3742413.3789165
Kalirai, M., Williams, A. C., & Kuzminykh, A. (2024, March). Toward Faceted Skill Recommendation in Intelligent Personal Assistants. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 640-649). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640543.3645201
Kostric, I., Balog, K., & Gadiraju, U. (2025). Should We Tailor the Talk? Understanding the Impact of Conversational Styles on Preference Elicitation in Conversational Recommender Systems. Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3699682.3728353
Lei, W., He, X., de Rijke, M., & Chua, T. (2020). Conversational Recommendation: Formulation, Methods, and Evaluation. Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. https://hexiangnan.github.io/papers/sigir20-tutorial.pdf
Mahmud, R., Berkovsky, S., Prasad, M., & Kocaballi, A.B. (2025). Understanding User Preferences for Interaction Styles in Conversational Recommender System: The Predictive Role of System Qualities, User Experience, and Traits. Proceedings of the 37th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3764687.3764722
Manzoor, A., Cai, W., & Jannach, D. (2023). Factors Influencing the Perceived Meaningfulness of System Responses in Conversational Recommendation. IntRS@ RecSys, 23. https://web-ainf.aau.at/pub/jannach/files/Workshop_IntRS_2023.pdf
McConvey, K., Guha, S., & Kuzminykh, A. (2023). A Human-Centered Review of Algorithms in Decision-Making in Higher Education. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3544548.3580658
Qin, P., Huang, C., Deng, Y., Lei, W., & Chua, T. (2024). Beyond Persuasion: Towards Conversational Recommender System with Credible Explanations. ArXiv, abs/2409.14399. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10616&context=sis_research
Shen, Q., Wu, L., Zhang, Y., Pang, Y., Wei, Z., Xu, F., ... & Pei, J. (2024). Multi-interest multi-round conversational recommendation system with fuzzy feedback based user simulator. ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems, 2(4), 1-29. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3616379
Shen, X., Lee, D., Ranjan, S., Harsha, S.S., Sevak, P., & Li, Y. (2024). Enhancing Discoverability in Enterprise Conversational Systems with Proactive Question Suggestions. ArXiv, abs/2412.10933. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.10933
Wei, C.Z., Kim, Y., & Kuzminykh, A. (2023). The Bot on Speaking Terms: The Effects of Conversation Architecture on Perceptions of Conversational Agents. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3571884.3597139
Wen, B., Bu, X., & Shah, C. (2022). EGCR: Explanation Generation for Conversational Recommendation. ArXiv, abs/2208.08035. https://arxiv.org/html/2208.08035v2
Xia, Y., Wu, J., Yu, T., Kim, S., Rossi, R. A., & Li, S. (2023, August). User-regulation deconfounded conversational recommender system with bandit feedback. Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGKDD conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 2694-2704). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3580305.3599539
Yun, S., & Lim, Y. (2025). User Experience with LLM-powered Conversational Recommendation Systems: A Case of Music Recommendation. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://dl.acm.org/doi/epdf/10.1145/3706598.3713347
Zhao, X., Yan, M., Zhang, Y., Deng, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, F., ... & Chua, T. S. (2025). Reinforced Strategy Optimization for Conversational Recommender Systems via Network-of-Experts. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.26093. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.26093
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Research Archive of Rising Scholars

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.