The link between dietary habits and acne development and management in adolescents: A Literature Review

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin conditions among adolescents and is a health concern that affects both physical and mental health (Rygula et al., 2024; Łożyńska & Głąbska, 2022). Although genetics and hormones are implicated in its onset, a connection between dietary habits and acne also exists. Recent research shows that dietary habits such as high-glycemic foods, dairy, saturated fats, and processed foods are associated with inflammation, hormonal disturbances, and excess sebum production, which contribute to worsening acne symptoms (Ryguła et al., 2024). Accordingly, adopting dietary habits such as consuming low-glycemic foods and foods high in nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A has been found to improve acne management by reducing inflammation (Baldwin et al., 2020). As research continues to develop, evidence shows that diet can affect acne through the gut and skin microbiomes, which are involved with immune and inflammatory pathways that induce acne (Sánchez-Pellicer et al., 2022). This literature review will analyze and compare evidence from scholarly research papers that explore the influence of dietary habits on acne vulgaris, including its cause, severity, prevention, and treatment, with a focus on adolescents and the biological mechanisms that trigger these relationships. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a better understanding of how nutrition can contribute to acne management and medical treatment, intending to help adolescents and healthcare professionals provide valuable information about improving dietary habits and skin health.