A Comprehensive Review of Asthma: Genetic, Environmental and Multifactorial Influences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3809Keywords:
Asthma, Inflammation, Epigenetics, Genes, Airway remodelingAbstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstructiveness, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and recurring respiratory symptoms. It affects more than 260 million people worldwide and varies in severity across individuals and populations (World Health Organization, WHO, 2023). This review examines whether genetics, environmental factors, and gene-environment interaction cause asthma. Studies estimate heritability between 35-70% (Ober and Yao, 2011). Susceptibility loci, mainly the 17q21 region (Moffatt et al.,2007) interact with environmental triggers such as tobacco, pollution, and allergens (Papi et al., 2008). The evidence supports asthma as a multifactorial disease contributed to by susceptibility and environmental interactions.
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