The Biological and Psychological Effects of Chronic Stress on Teenagers

Abstract

Chronic stress is seen as a major factor that affects both physical and mental health during adolescence. Over time, repeated activation of the stress response harms blood vessels and raises blood pressure. This can encourage the buildup of artery clogging deposits. It can also lead to changes in brain structure that may contribute to anxiety, depression, and addiction. According to Harvard Health, adolescents whose brains are still developing may experience dendritic atrophy or reduced branching in areas like the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. These areas are especially significant for memory, emotional control, and decision making. Instability of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis will result in hormonal imbalances like the hyperproduction of cortisol, which can disrupt mood and cognitive function. Alis Behavioral Health states that chronic stress in teens is tied to a higher risk of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues, mainly when they lack coping strategies or support systems.