More Than Just the Top Layer: How Age, Environment, and Genetics Affect Atopic Dermatitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3195Keywords:
Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Eczema, Chronic skin inflammationAbstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a common disease in children. However, as most children mature, they lose symptoms. AD can present itself at any time in life, with different severities, reactions, and location on the body. Its presence is due to an overactive immune system. In this project, multiple factors that affect the presence and management of eczema have been assessed. Specifically, age and how it can change treatments used, the effect of environmental factors, types of treatments and their uses, and the impact of genetics were investigated. By integrating findings across this research, people will be able to gain a more comprehensive understanding about the progression and management of eczema and the multiple individual factors that affect its presence. This foundational work will help support future efforts in prevention, education, and target personalized forms of therapeutic management for patients with eczema.
References
Araviiskaia, E., Pincelli, C., Sparavigna, A., & Luger, T. (2022). The Role of a Novel Generation of Emollients, “Emollients Plus”, in Atopic Dermatitis. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, Volume 15, 2705–2719. https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s389697
Avena-Woods, C. (2017, June 20). Overview of Atopic Dermatitis. AJMC. https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-atopic-dermatitis-article
Bikle, D. D. (2011). Vitamin D and the skin: Physiology and pathophysiology. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 13(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-011-9194-0
Chong, M., & Fonacier, L. (2015). Treatment of Eczema: Corticosteroids and Beyond. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 51(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-015-8486-7
Darsow, U., & Ring, J. (2008). Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Allergy Plays a Role in Atopic Eczema as Shown in the Atopy Patch Test. World Allergy Organization Journal, 1(3), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181661472
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2017). Nih.gov. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/eczema-atopic-dermatitis
Fisal, T., & Hassan, M. (2024). Eczema Across the Lifespan: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research and Future Directions. NILES Journal for Geriatric and Gerontology, 0(0), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.21608/niles.2024.316636.1093
Halewijn, van, Gijs Elshout, Bohnen, A. M., Bindels, P. J. E., & Suzanne. (2024). Effectiveness of potent topical corticosteroids versus mild ones in primary care for children with moderate flare-ups of atopic dermatitis; results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 14(12), e078940–e078940. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078940
Kaufman, B. P., Guttman-Yassky, E., & Alexis, A. F. (2018). Atopic dermatitis in diverse racial and ethnic groups-Variations in epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation and treatment. Experimental Dermatology, 27(4), 340–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13514
Kim, J., Kim, B. E., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2019). Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis: Clinical implications. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 40(2), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4202
Rawlings, A. V., & Harding, C. R. (2004). Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy, 17(s1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1005.x
Safarini, O. A., & Patel, J. (2020). Calcineurin Inhibitors. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558995/
Sohn, A., Frankel, A., Patel, R. V., & Goldenberg, G. (2011). Eczema. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine, 78(5), 730–739. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20289
Stacey, S. K., & McEleney, M. (2021). Topical Corticosteroids: Choice and Application. American Family Physician, 103(6), 337–343. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0315/p337.html
Stefanovic, N., Irvine, A. D., & Flohr, C. (2021). The Role of the Environment and Exposome in Atopic Dermatitis. Current Treatment Options in Allergy, 8(3), 222–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-021-00289-9
van Zuuren, E. J., Fedorowicz, Z., Christensen, R., Lavrijsen, A. P., & Arents, B. W. (2017). Emollients and moisturisers for eczema. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012119.pub2
Yoshiki Tokura, Yunoki, M., Kondo, S., & Otsuka, M. (2024). What is “eczema”?. The Journal of Dermatology, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.17439
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Guneet Sidhu Sidhu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.