Unveiling the Hidden Dangers of Iron Overload - A Systematic Review

Abstract

Iron deficiency, the leading cause of anemia, has fueled a dramatic rise in the consumption of
iron supplements, yet the dangers of iron overload remain largely unrecognized. Iron overload,
though less discussed than iron deficiency, can silently wreak havoc on the body, leading to
significant organ damage if left unchecked. Excess iron, whether from frequent transfusions,
supplements, or genetic conditions like hereditary hemochromatosis, accumulates in vital
organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas. Over time, this build-up can cause irreversible
damage, including liver fibrosis, heart failure, and endocrine dysfunction. This review explores
the complex pathways through which iron overload affects various organs, highlighting its role in
the development of chronic diseases like cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, and diabetes. As iron
excess often goes unnoticed until severe symptoms arise, early detection and targeted
treatment strategies are crucial to preventing long-term damage. By understanding the
underlying mechanisms and health impacts, this review emphasizes the need for timely
intervention in at-risk populations to mitigate the hidden dangers of iron overload.