Transcriptomic Evolution of Neuronal Cell Classes and Cell Types in Human, Chimpanzee, and Rat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.1934Keywords:
RNA sequencing, Machine learning, Molecular analysis, Motor cortexAbstract
The primary (M1) motor cortex is a highly conserved part of the mammalian brain, responsible for the direct control of voluntary muscles. While it is known that different species have differently structured motor cortices due to their unique needs and evolution, there is little knowledge on the cross-species differences between motor cortex cell types at the molecular level, and no comparison of humans with our closest living relatives, chimpanzees. A cross-species molecular level understanding of the M1 cortex would reveal the development of specific cell types and genes in line with evolutionary progression in motor skills. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq) on samples gathered from humans, rats, and chimpanzees, this research identified over 50 excitatory neuron cell types in three species, differences in (celltype/subclass proportions, marker genes, and some potentially unidentified cell types) These results point to the existence of Layer 4-like excitatory neurons in primates. In addition, human specific cell types were rich in genes in pathways implicated in ADHD and autism.
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