Preprint / Version 1

The dual roles of SIRT1: a systematic review.

##article.authors##

  • Tuong Minh Le Le Hong Phong High School for the Gifted

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.1605

Keywords:

SIRT1, oncogene, tumor suppessor gene, signaling pathway, cancer

Abstract

  • Background: Sirtuins belong to the class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) and are NAD+-dependent enzymes. They are responsible for various cellular processes and pathways, namely cell survival, development, inflammation, aging, metabolic control, and apoptosis. SIRT1, specifically, has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor gene and an oncogene in cancer progression.
  • Objective: This paper aims to understand the driving factor(s) that contribute to SIRT1’s oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities.
  • Method: A systematic literature search is performed utilizing the PRISMA guidelines. This search is conducted separately for SIRT1 as an oncogene, using keywords “SIRT1,” “cancer,” and “oncogene,” and SIRT1 as a tumor suppressor gene, with the keywords “SIRT1,” “cancer,” and “tumor suppressor.” After screening and assessing eligibility with various criteria, 44 papers are included in this review.
  • Results: Out of the 44 papers, 30 supported the oncogenic role of SIRT1. Most of these papers showed that the natural upregulation of SIRT1 in cancer cell lines has a positive correlation with tumorigenesis. Additionally, this upregulation can cooperate with other family proteins, such as FOXO or signaling pathways, like the NF-κB signaling pathway, stimulating the aforementioned transformation. 14 out of the 44 papers suggested a tumor suppressor function for SIRT1. Specifically, its anti-cancer properties seem to be enhanced in the presence of an activator; in this cellular context, SIRT1 frequently induces cell apoptosis. Alongside the induction of autophagy, SIRT1 can also inhibit tumorigenesis. In general, SIRT1 often displays contradictory roles in common solid tumors such as colorectal, breast, and liver. In liquid tumors such as leukemia, SIRT1 seems to be an oncogene.
  • Conclusion: In this review, it was found that overexpression of SIRT1 has an oncogenic effect on cancer cell lines unless activated via an activator. Therefore, SIRT1 activators are prospective agents in targeting SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic treatment against cancer.

 

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