The Prevalence and Exacerbation of Pulmonary Diseases as a Consequence of Smog
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.1590Keywords:
smog, particulate matter, organic dusts, inorganic dusts, pulmonary pathologies, bronchopulmonary tract, obstructive lung disease, restrictive lung disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, inflammation, acute treatment, chronic treatment, bronchodilators, beta-agonists, corticosteroids, pneumoconiosis, mineral dust, scar tissueAbstract
Air pollution in smog has major negative effects on the respiratory system, especially particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). This literature review investigates the impacts of smog on the respiratory system. Next, three of the major diseases that are induced and exacerbated by smog, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumoconiosis are discussed including their pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. Lastly, the literature review evaluates Pakistan as a significant case study for the impact of smog on respiratory health due to the high level of smog pollution and the number of COPD and asthma patients in the country.
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