iPSC Reprogramming Methods and Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.136Keywords:
induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation, stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cellsAbstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a recent development in the field of bioengineering and its applications are quickly gaining speed. iPSCs are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into various types of specialized cells. Their ability to reprogram and differentiate is what allows for a plethora of applications. IPSCs are obtained through reprogramming cells through transcription factors; they are first reprogrammed through the Yamanaka Factors and then specific differentiation factors are used to further induce specialization. They have many advantages which conquer ethical and sustainability issues that arise with use of animal models. These applications include disease modeling, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. However, despite their advantages, there are still shortcomings to iPSCs: reprogramming efficiency, the risk of carcinogenesis, epigenetic factors, and much more play a role in differentiation and application. As time progresses, it is likely we will see the use of this technology increase, as it provides an innovative route which offers solutions to regenerative medicine, disease modeling and other medical issues.
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