Why Do We Feel Sad? Neurotransmitter Systems, Effects of Genetic Factors, Neurological Conditions Associated with Sadness and Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.1316Keywords:
Sadness, Depression, Neurotransmitter SystemsAbstract
Sadness is one of the fundamental emotions humans experience. This paper examines sadness and explores its importance for survival, it’s relation with the emotion anger, serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems’ roles in sadness with the help of serotonin receptor 5-HT, effects of environmental and genetic factors, depressive disorder related to sadness and treatment for this conditions including antidepressants and psychotherapy.
References
“5-HTTLPR - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Www.sciencedirect.com, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/5-httlpr#:~:text=5%2DHTTLPR%20is%20a%20polymorphism. Accessed 13 July 2024.
Bell, Shani. “Covered in Red: How the Brain Uses Anger to Hide Pain.” Fuller Life Family Therapy, 7 Nov. 2017, fullerlifefamilytherapy.org/how-the-brain-uses-anger-to-hide-pain/#:~:text=Some%20mental%20health%20professionals%20refer.
Cleveland Clinic. “Antidepressants.” Cleveland Clinic, 1 Mar. 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication.
---. “Depression Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment .” Cleveland Clinic, 13 Jan. 2023, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression.
Forgas, Joseph P. “Four Ways Sadness May Be Good for You.” Greater Good, 4 June 2014, greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/four_ways_sadness_may_be_good_for_you.
“Happy or SAD: The Chemistry behind Depression.” The Jackson Laboratory, www.jax.org/news-and-insights/jax-blog/2015/december/happy-or-sad-the-chemistry-behind-depression#:~:text=Reduced%20dopamine%20levels%2C%20too%2C%20may.
Hasler, Gregor. “Pathophysiology of Depression: Do We Have Any Solid Evidence of Interest to Clinicians?” World Psychiatry, vol. 9, no. 3, 1 Oct. 2010, pp. 155–161, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950973/#:~:text=The%20monoamine%2Ddeficiency%20theory%20posits, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00298.x.
Sangkuhl, Katrin, et al. “Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Pathway.” Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, vol. 19, no. 11, Nov. 2009, pp. 907–909, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896866/, https://doi.org/10.1097/fpc.0b013e32833132cb.
says, Thomas Smith. “Serotonin Biosynthesis.” News-Medical.net, 11 Dec. 2009, www.news-medical.net/health/Serotonin-Biosynthesis.aspx.
“Serotonin Pathway - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Www.sciencedirect.com, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/serotonin-pathway#:~:text=After%20release%20into%20the%20synaptic. Accessed 13 July 2024.
The Importance of Sadness - What Is Its Purpose in Our Lives? 12 Mar. 2018, creatingchange.net.au/importance-sadness-purpose-life/#:~:text=Sadness%20helps%20and%20guides%20us. Accessed 13 July 2024.
World Health Organization. “Depression.” Www.who.int, 31 Mar. 2023, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression#:~:text=Overview.
Additional Files
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Bennu Elbasioglu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license
