The Role of Iron in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Promising Biomarker
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.1059Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, ferroptosis, blood biomarkers, neurodegeneration, brain iron accumulationAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition, often associated with aging where the exact biomarkers are still being studied. Amyloid plaques and tau aggregations are commonly associated biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as blood based biomarkers are an upcoming approach to detect AD biomarkers (Hampel et al., 2023). In previous studies, a relation between iron and AD have been investigated, where high levels of ferritin were associated with cognitive impairment (Liu et al., 2018). Furthermore, in vitro studies have been conducted and discovered that high brain iron causes aβ aggregation, which implies that iron may play a bigger role in AD (Liu et al., 2018). In the cellular perspective, ferroptosis, a newly discovered process of non-apoptotic cell death, is related to elevated levels of iron in the brain and depleted glutathione as a marker, which may provide a substantial lead in the cause of neuronal cell death in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases (Li et al., 2020, Sun 2018). Previous studies of ferritin in CSF corresponding to Alzheimer’s disease have been done, but the use of blood biomarkers and longitudinal studies for iron as a biomarker need to be investigated (Ayton et al., 2015). The purpose of this study was to explore iron as a promising biomarker in Alzheimer’s. An experiment was conducted using blood samples from 2 groups of people, non AD and AD groups, where levels of ferritin and plasma related biomarkers were tested. To further confirm our groups, we utilized postmortem tissue to detect and iron accumulation in the brain. Our findings suggest that iron (serum ferritin) was consistently associated in high levels with Alzheimer patient brains, while the control group had a significantly lesser accumulation, suggesting iron to be a valid AD biomarker.
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