Preprint / Version 1

The Viking Age: A Misunderstood Legacy

##article.authors##

  • Ziqing Wang Keystone Academy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.999

Keywords:

Vikings, Legacy, Scandinavia

Abstract

In popular culture, people often regard the Vikings as marauding seafarers who sent shockwaves of fear and launched epic conquests across Europe during the Middle Ages. While this characterization is well earned to an extent, this essay attempts to unveil the more profound impacts that the Vikings brought to Europe. More specifically, the essay will examine how the Vikings were catalysts for unification in England and their native Scandinavia. Then, the essay will investigate the relationship between Viking invasions and changes in European political structures in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Following an examination into the political aspects, the essay will delve into the economic impacts brought by the Vikings - how the Vikings planted the roots of mercantilism and free trade. Finally, the essay will close by arguing that the Vikings significantly influenced European cultures in the long run by promoting far-reaching cultural interactions between nations. Through this complete analysis, the essay can hopefully paint a fuller picture of the legendary Viking Age from the 800s to the early 1200s C.E.

References

Bennett, Daniel. "What Have the Vikings Ever Done for Us?" Bbc.com. Last modified November 17, 2018. Accessed April 29, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-46194699.

Brownworth, Lars. The Sea Wolves: A History of the Vikings. United Kingdom: Crux Publishing, 2014.

Curta, Florin. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Cybriwsky, Roman A. Along Ukraine's River: A Social and Environmental History of the Dnipro. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2018.

Duits, Simon. "Holy Roman Empire." Worldhistory.org. Last modified 2021. Accessed April 29, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/Holy_Roman_Empire/.

Gransden, Antonia. Legends, Traditions and History in Medieval England. London: Hambledon Continuum, 2010.

Haraldsdottir, Ragnheidur Harpa. "All about the Vikings in Iceland." Icelandtravel.is. Last modified March 2, 2020. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.icelandtravel.is/blog/vikings-in-iceland/.

History Profile. "Edmund Was Actually a Warrior." YouTube.com. Last modified February 17, 2022. Accessed April 15, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVRz3qa07t4.

Hooper, Nicholas, and Matthew Bennett. Cambridge Illustrated Atlas: Warfare, the Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Jones, Gwyn. A History of the Vikings. Rev. ed. Oxford u.a.: Oxford Univ. Pr., 1984.

Kristiansen, Kristian. Map Showing the Viking Routes in Europe. Illustration. 2008. Accessed April 8, 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-showing-the-Viking-Routes-in-Europe-We-argue-that-the-Scandinavian-Bronze-Age_fig15_334508848.

Kurrild-Klitggard, Peter, and Gert Tinggard Svendsen. "Rational Bandits: Plunder, Public Goods, and the Vikings." Jstor.org. Last modified 2003. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30025905?seq=1.

Longmate, Norman. Defending the Island: From Caesar to the Armada. London: Grafton Books, 1990.

Mark, Joshua J. "Kievan Rus." Worldhistory.org. Last modified December 3, 2018. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/Kievan_Rus/.

Murphy, Luke John, Heidi Fuller, and Monte Gates. "Brutal Viking 'Blood Eagle' Ritual Execution Was Anatomically Possible." Theconversation.com. Last modified December 17, 2021. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://theconversation.com/brutal-viking-blood-eagle-ritual-execution-was-anatomically-possible-new-research-173519.

Phillips, G. E. "Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Edmund the Martyr." En.wikisource.org. Accessed April 15, 2022. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Edmund_the_Martyr.

Richard Abels. Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England. N.p.: Routledge, uuuu-uuuu.

Sagadb.org. "Icelandic Saga Database." Sagadb.org. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://sagadb.org.

Salem Media. "Viking Explorations and Settlements: Iceland, Greenland and Vinland." Historyonthenet.com. Accessed April 8, 2022. https://www.historyonthenet.com/viking-explorations-and-settlements-iceland-greenland-and-vinland.

———. "Viking Law and Government: The Thing." Historyonthenet.com. Accessed April 29, 2022. https://www.historyonthenet.com/viking-law-and-government-the-thing.

Savage, Anne. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. New ed. Godalming: Barmley Books, 1997.

Stenton, Frank Merry. Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

The BBC. "Anglo Saxon Coins." Bbc.co.uk. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/conquest/wessex_kings/coins_alfred.shtml.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Treaty of Saint-sur-Epte." Britannica.com. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Treaty-of-Saint-Clair-sur-Epte.

The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Viking." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Last modified November 26, 2020. Accessed March 5, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viking-people.

The Oxford Reference. "Treaty of Wedmore." Oxfordreference.com. Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803121600663.

Titlestad, Torgrim, and Lars Walker. Viking Legacy: A Cornerstone of World Civilization. Place of publication not identified: Saga Publishing Company, 2018.

"The Vikings!" Video, 11:17. YouTube. Posted by CrashCourse, February 5, 2015. Accessed April 8, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wc5zUK2MKNY.

"The Vikings in Britain: A Brief History." History.org.uk. Last modified January 13, 2011. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://www.history.org.uk/primary/resource/3867/the-vikings-in-britain-a-brief-history.

Downloads

Posted

2024-03-03

Categories