Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Immunotherapies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.941Keywords:
lung cancer, immunotherapyAbstract
This literature review explores the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), a prevalent and heterogeneous form of lung cancer. Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, disrupts the normal cell division process, leading to the formation of tumors. The body's immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating abnormal cells, including cancer. However, NSCLC can evade immune responses through various mechanisms, such as upregulating immune checkpoint pathways like PD-L1.
The review delves into immunotherapeutic approaches, including checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and cytokines. Atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, has shown promise in extending the survival of NSCLC patients. However, limitations arise when cancer cells reduce the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), rendering the treatment ineffective.
Ongoing clinical trials, highlighted in the review, explore novel monoclonal antibodies like domvanalimab and zimberelimab, as well as combinations with chemotherapy. The trials aim to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments in extending the lifespan of individuals with Stage 4 NSCLC.
The paper emphasizes the need for future research to explore combinations of immunotherapy and other treatments, such as chemotherapy, to formulate more effective treatment plans for NSCLC. In conclusion, immunotherapy, particularly targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoints, shows promise in enhancing the survival of NSCLC patients, and ongoing trials aim to uncover new avenues for treatment.
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