Dysregulation of the Circadian Rhythm and its Effect on Alzheimer's Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.763Keywords:
Circadian Rhythm, Alzheimer's Disease, protein buildupAbstract
Abstract
Sleep, a fundamental physiological behavior, is primarily controlled by the circadian clock, an internal mechanism in the body that regulates the physiologically appropriate time of day for sleep. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms significantly contributes to pathogenesis in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, affecting millions worldwide. However, how this dysregulation of the circadian rhythm contributes to the onset of Alzheimer's disease is still unknown, and there is no effective treatment or cure for this neurodegenerative disease. In this paper, we comprehensively review the literature to understand how dysregulation of circadian rhythms may contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. First, we investigated the relationship between circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation. The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease was higher in patients with sleep disturbances, which suggests that sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease might be linked. Preventative measures can be made to prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Second, we investigated the impact of abnormal protein buildup in Alzheimer's disease. Studying these proteins is the first step towards understanding the relationship between the dysregulation of the circadian rhythm and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Lastly, we investigated the dysregulation of circadian genes in Alzheimer's disease, which plays a significant role in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Sleep deprivation is a widespread problem in today's society, along with the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. This work will help us further understand the mechanisms contributing to Alzheimer's disease and highlight circadian mechanisms as a possible target for investigation.
References
References:
Kang, J. E., Lim, M. M., Bateman, R. J., Lee, J. J., Smyth, L. P., Cirrito, J. R., Fujiki, N., Nishino, S., & Holtzman, D. M. (2009). Amyloid-beta dynamics are regulated by orexin and the sleep-wake cycle. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5955), 1005–1007. https://doi.org/10.1126/sci ence.1180962
Roh, J. H., Jiang, H., Finn, M. B., Stewart, F. R., Mahan, T. E., Cirrito, J. R., Heda, A., Snider, B. J., Li, M., Yanagisawa, M., de Lecea, L., & Holtzman, D. M. (2014). Potential role of orexin and sleep modulation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 211(13), 2487–2496. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20141788
Bianchetti, A., Scuratti, A., Zanetti, O., Binetti, G., Frisoni, G. B., Magni, E., & Trabucchi, M. (1995). Predictors of mortality and institutionalization in Alzheimer disease patients 1 year after discharge from an Alzheimer dementia unit. Dementia (Basel, Switzerland), 6(2), 108–112. https://doi.org/10.1159/000106930
Guarnieri, B., Adorni, F., Musicco, M., Appollonio, I., Bonanni, E., Caffarra, P., Caltagirone, C., Cerroni, G., Concari, L., Cosentino, F. I., Ferrara, S., Fermi, S., Ferri, R., Gelosa, G., Lom bardi, G., Mazzei, D., Mearelli, S., Morrone, E., Murri, L., Nobili, F. M., … Sorbi, S. (2012). Prevalence of sleep disturbances in mild cognitive impairment and dementing disorders: a multicenter Italian clinical cross-sectional study on 431 patients. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 33(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1159/000335363
Fishbein, A. B., Knutson, K. L., & Zee, P. C. (2021). Circadian disruption and human health. The Journal of clinical investigation, 131(19), e148286. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI148286
Alzheimer’s Disease and the Circadian Rhythm 12
Wang, C., & Holtzman, D. M. (2020). Bidirectional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease: Role of amyloid, tau, and other factors. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45, 104–120. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0478-5
Musiek, E. S., Xiong, D. D., & Holtzman, D. M. (2015). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Experimental & molecular medicine, 47(3), e148. https:// doi.org/10.1038/emm.2014.121
Holth, J. K., Fritschi, S. K., Wang, C., Pedersen, N. P., Cirrito, J. R., Mahan, T. E., Finn, M. B., Manis, M., Geerling, J. C., Fuller, P. M., Lucey, B. P., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019). The sleep wake cycle regulates brain interstitial fluid tau in mice and CSF tau in humans. Science (New York, N.Y.), 363(6429), 880–884. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2546
Chattu, V. K., Manzar, M. D., Kumary, S., Burman, D., Spence, D. W., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2018). The Global Problem of Insufficient Sleep and Its Serious Public Health Implications. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7010001 10. Spoormaker, V. I., & van den Bout, J. (2005). The prevalence of sleep disorders: Relations with depression and anxiety - a pilot study. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden, 60(3), 155–158.
Niu, L., Zhang, F., Xu, X., Yang, Y., Li, S., Liu, H., & Le, W. (2022). Chronic sleep deprivation altered the expression of circadian clock genes and aggravated Alzheimer's disease neu ropathology. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 32(3), e13028. https://doi.org/10.1111/ bpa.13028
Alzheimer’s Disease and the Circadian Rhythm 13
Troutwine, B. R., Hamid, L., Lysaker, C. R., Strope, T. A., & Wilkins, H. M. (2022). Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 12(2), 496–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.002
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Leo Wang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.