The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Cognitive Functioning: A Literature Review and Suggestions for Practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.568Keywords:
stereotype threat, cognitive ability, executive functioningAbstract
This paper explores the relationship between stereotype threat and cognitive ability. As defined by Schmader & Beilock (2012), “stereotype threat characterizes a concern that one might inadvertently confirm an unwanted belief about one’s group.” Stereotype threat is important to address because it is very prevalent in today’s society as it affects people of color and people from minoritized backgrounds. With reference to cognitive ability, stereotype threat can lead to underperformance on tasks in relation to objective ability and intelligence as measured by competency exams (e.g., intelligence quotient (IQ) tests; standardized tests). This threat to performance can impact what career paths are pursued and supported, how one is seen by the rest of society, and how one feels they are representing their identity. This paper will examine stereotype threat’s connection to cognitive ability through a review of the research literature and first person narratives in order to bring awareness to the neurocognitive effects of stereotype threat in the brain.
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