Impact of Classroom Design Elements on Student Performance: Color, Lighting and Environment Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.4242Keywords:
Interior Design, Psychology, K-12, Learning, EducationAbstract
Classroom design has frequently been viewed in the background when compared to factors like teacher quality and curriculum design, but the physical space can easily shape how students feel and function during the school day. The literature review herein explores the impact of specific classroom design elements—most notably color and the use of natural versus artificial light—on how students are able to learn and participate. Related environmental variables, such as ventilation, temperature, indoor-air quality, furniture, natural views, and spatial arrangement, are also addressed. Search criteria include literature published after 1990 and include peer-reviewed journal articles, systematic reviews, conference papers, and one graduate thesis. In summary, study after study indicates that classroom design can impact students via several interrelated pathways. Well-balanced colors make classrooms feel organized and comfortable, while too much visual stimuli may lead to distraction. Natural light can be related to improved academic performance and mood; however, poorly directed light can cause visual discomfort. Properly adjusted artificial light, too, can support student learning, if utilized properly. Ultimately, students may work and learn more effectively in environments that are within a comfortable range and where the air quality is good. While classroom design cannot replace quality teachers, school funding or a strong student support structure, it can be responsible for either blocking or facilitating learning. The best design is not one size fits all; rather, it is the design that is adaptive and responsive.
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