Diagnostic and therapeutic roles of monoclonal antibodies for the hotspot mutant R175H of protein p53
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3902Keywords:
Monoclonal antibodies, Hotspot mutation, P53, R175H, CancerAbstract
According to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), TP53 is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene (TSG), and around 50% of all human cancers contain mutations to the gene. TP53 gene product, p53 protein, plays a crucial role in regulating cell division, repairing DNA damage, and triggering apoptosis (programmed cell death) when the damage is irreparable - a crucial step in suppressing the development of cancer. One of the most common missense mutations, referred to as the hotspot mutation R175H, is found in about 4-7% of all TP53 mutations. Due to this high prevalence, p53-R175H-associated cancer cells are a key target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Monoclonal antibodies are manufactured in the laboratory to specifically bind to proteins expressed by p53-R175H-associated tumor cells and are used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Unlike regular chemotherapy drugs, which attack both normal and cancer cells, monoclonal antibodies can specifically target tumor cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues and improving treatment outcomes.
This paper reviews the promising roles of monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic tools and as part of cancer therapy targeting p53R175H-associated cancer cells, and discusses their potential use as bispecific antibodies that simultaneously bind tumor cells and T cells to promote immune-mediated killing of tumor cells.
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