Preprint / Version 1

Faith for thought: a content analysis of traditional Christian, SBNR and atheist content creators and their messages to younger generations

Authors

  • Tei Kim Northern Valley Regional High School at Demarest

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3766

Keywords:

Spiritual But Not Religious (SBNR), Christianity, Spiritual identity

Abstract

This research paper examines the influence of digital media on the spread of Christian, atheist, and Spiritual But Not Religious (SBNR) ideologies, particularly among younger generations. By using a content analysis methodology, the study analyzed YouTube videos and related online sources, utilizing transcript extraction and thematic analysis tools to identify prevalent terms and ideas. It was initially hypothesized that SBNR content would show noticeable growth and emphasize individualized spiritual discovery over adherence to existing frameworks, as understood from previous textual research. The findings, however, indicated that while Christian and atheist content creators maintained considerable visibility and engagement with their online audiences, SBNR content was markedly underrepresented and presented lower interaction overall. It is exhibited in the findings that SBNR content prioritized discovery of “true” personal identities and inclusivity rather than doctrinal adherence. Such results suggest that although societal trends are more likely to favor personalized spirituality, mainstream digital platforms are yet to fully integrate SBNR perspectives. Further research is recommended to explore a broader selection of digital environments to better examine the nuances of emerging spiritual movements.

References

Alex O’Connor. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@CosmicSkeptic

Alex O’Connor. (2022, August 23). Deconstructing Ben Shapiro on religion [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nvwpVoBgLQ

Ammerman, N. T. (2013). Spiritual but not religious? Beyond binary choices in the study of religion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 52(2), 258-278.

Barkin, S. H., Miller, L., & Luthar, S. S. (2015). Filling the void: Spiritual development among adolescents of the affluent. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3), 844-861.

Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. (n.d.). Content analysis. https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/content-analysis

Dankulincova Veselska, Zuzana et al. "Spirituality but not Religiosity Is Associated with Better Health and Higher Life Satisfaction among Adolescents." International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 15,12 2781. 7 Dec. 2018, doi:10.3390/ijerph15122781

DLM Christian Lifestyle. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@DLMChristianLifestyle

DLM Christian Lifestyle. (2020, March 22). 3 FALSE TEACHINGS in CHURCHES you should AVOID [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRRl9dXAg2A

Development, P. (2024, October 11). Self-Deception: Can we avoid it? | None but Curious - A podcast for nones and agnostics. PodBean. https://nonebutcurious.podbean.com/e/self-deception-can-we-avoid-it/

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2025, March 17). Atheism. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/atheism

Genetically Modified Skeptic. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@GeneticallyModifiedSkeptic

Genetically Modified Skeptic. (2022, January 22). I took a Christian class about atheism. It was worse than I expected. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fsw-lSp3rq8

Graham, G. (1992). Religion, secularization and modernity. Philosophy, 67(260), 183-197.

Haskell, D. M., Flatt, K. N., & Burgoyne, S. (2016). Theology matters: Comparing the traits of growing and declining mainline protestant church attendees and clergy. Review of Religious Research, 58(4), 515-541. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26378379

Hout, M., Greeley, A., & Wilde, M. (2001). The demographic imperative in religious change in the united states. American Journal of Sociology, 107(2), 468-500. https://doi.org/10.1086/324189

Joel Osteen. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@joelosteen

Joel Osteen. (2020, March 16). Invite God into your difficulties | Joel Osteen [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEQGDJNPIbE

Jubilee. (2017, October 8). Atheists and Christians Debate Truth And Belief | Middle Ground [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SjuC0PYscU

Marshall, J., & Olson, D. V. A. (2018). Is 'spiritual but not religious' a replacement for religion or just one step on the path between religion and non-religion? Review of Religious Research, 60(4), 503-518.

McClure, P. K. (2016). Faith and facebook in a pluralistic age: The effects of social networking sites on the religious beliefs of emerging adults. Sociological Perspectives, 59(4), 818-834.

Martin, P. (2024, July 18). Top 10 Christian YouTube channels ranked by views. Medium. https://medium.com/@HumDog/top-10-christian-youtube-channels-ranked-by-views-f61686a72210

Mercadante, L. (2023, February 2). Healthy beliefs. Healthy Beliefs | Healthy Beliefs § Healthy Spirit. https://www.healthybeliefs.org/

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Christian definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Christian

None But Curious. (n.d.). https://nonebutcurious.org/

NoteGPT. (n.d.). AI transcription tool. https://notegpt.io/

O'Leary, S. D. (1996). Cyberspace as sacred space: Communicating religion on computer networks. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 64(4), 781-808.

Pew Research Center. (2012, October 9). "Nones" on the Rise. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/

Pew Research Center. 2023, December 7). 5. who are “spiritual but not religious” Americans? Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/who-are-spiritual-but-not-religious-americans/

R/askanatheist on reddit: What are some good atheist YouTube channels?. Reddit . (2020). https://www.reddit.com/r/askanatheist/comments/gc1thr/what_are_some_good_atheist_youtube_channels/

Rush, Paul Luke. "Syncretism of New Age Spirituality: Pragmatism and transcendentalism. Refocusing a Spirituality of Nature." (2001).

Shepherd, J. (2025, April 1). 23 essential YouTube statistics you need to know in 2025. Social Shepherd. https://thesocialshepherd.com/blog/youtube-statistics

Sinclair, S., & Rockwell, G. (n.d.). Voyant Tools. https://voyant-tools.org/

The Atheist Experience. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@TheAtheistExperience

The Atheist Experience. (2017, June 17). Burden of Proof | John - Topeka, KS | Atheist Experience 21.18 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yICsS8CX4wQ

THE BEAT by Allen Parr. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@thebeatagp

THE BEAT by Allen Parr. (2023, May 5). These popular worship songs contain FALSE theology and should probably be avoided [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PC7ZOFS11Q8

The Sanctuary. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@TheSanctuarySCV

The Sanctuary. (2020, April 29). #SBNR | Meet-n-Greet: The Spiritual but Not Religious | Full Service livestream | 04.19.20 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmtibVNNaII

University of Rochester, International Services Office. (n.d.). Cultural adjustment. https://www.rochester.edu/iso/living/cultural-adjustment/

van Driel, B., & Richardson, J. T. (1988). Categorization of new religious movements in american print media. Sociological Analysis, 49(2), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3711011

Watts, G. (2018). Missing the forest for the trees: "Spiritual" religion in a secular age. Toronto Journal of Theology, 34(2), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.3138/tjt.2018-0112

Wright, S. A. (1997). Media coverage of unconventional religion: Any "good news" for minority faiths? Review of Religious Research, 39(2), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512176

Downloads

Posted

2026-10-18

Categories