The Rise of Prescription Drug Costs and Effects on Different Social Groups in the U.S.

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of rising prescription drug costs on different social groups in the United States, emphasizing disparities in health outcomes and financial strain. Drawing from national data and policy analyses, the study identifies three main drivers of cost inflation: the high prevalence of chronic diseases, limited pharmaceutical regulation, and insurance market structures that enable price escalation. The findings highlight that elderly adults and individuals with chronic conditions face the most significant financial and health burdens, while uninsured populations experience amplified risks of non-adherence, hospitalization, and mortality. Insurance coverage offers only partial relief, as inconsistent pricing and tiered coverage often increase out-of-pocket spending. Income level remains the most decisive factor in determining access to medication. Overall, this study underscores that the systemic rise in prescription drug costs disproportionately harms vulnerable populations, reinforcing existing social and economic inequalities within U.S. healthcare.