Reels to Retention: How is Digital Media affecting our attention

Abstract

With the rise of TikToks, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts, concerns have grown about how short-form media may affect focus compared to long-form content like podcasts and documentaries. This review explores current research on how short form and long-form digital media influence attention, memory, and emotional regulation in young adults.

Results show that short-form media reduces attention span, increases distractibility, and contributes to mood fluctuations and addictive behaviors. In contrast, long-form content supports deeper thinking, stronger memory retention, and greater emotional stability, though extended use without breaks can still cause fatigue. Overall, balanced use offers the greatest benefits; short-form for quick stimulation resulting in feelings of satisfaction and long-form for sustained comprehension and focus.

These findings suggest that while short-form content entertains, long-form content sustains cognitive health. Developing mindful media habits is essential to prevent negative impacts on learning and attention. Future studies should examine long-term effects on self-esteem, resilience, and academic success in an increasingly digital society.