Alcohol’s Effect on Alzheimers: An Analysis of Alcohol as a Modifiable Risk Factor

Alcohol’s Effect on Alzheimers

Abstract

This review explores the negative effects of alcohol consumption, with a specific focus on Alzheimer's disease and neural health. Excessive alcohol intake has been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. One proposed mechanism involves microglia, the brain’s immune cells responsible for clearing amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Chronic alcohol exposure may impair microglial function, leading to an accumulation of these plaques. In particular, an imbalance between the Aβ42 and Aβ40 isoforms — with Aβ42 being more prone to aggregation — contributes to neurotoxicity and plaque formation. Additionally, alcohol-induced inflammation can lead to the overproduction of cytokines. While cytokines are typically involved in cell repair, excessive levels can result in neuronal damage. In some cases, pro-inflammatory cytokines may disrupt neuronal membranes, further exacerbating neurodegeneration.