Beyond Zero Tolerance: How effective would drug decriminalization be for improving Kazakhstan’s drug policy?

Abstract

This paper tests the hypothesis that drug decriminalization can be a more effective alternative to the current punitive drug policy in the country of Kazakhstan. Domestic efforts in Kazakhstan still focus on criminal prosecution as opposed to rehabilitation, and treatment facilities are not adequately funded to be effective as the country remains an important transit point on Central Asian drug trafficking routes. Based on the international experience, both positive and negative, of decriminalization campaigns, this study seeks to assess the possible relevance of such initiatives in Kazakhstan. To determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of decriminalization, the strategy of SWOT analysis is used. The results indicate that although decriminalization may decrease congestion in prisons and ease access to treatment, it may be unsuccessful unless large amounts of money are allocated to healthcare, the social support system, and people trust the institutions.