The Effects of COVID-19 on NO2 Concentrations, Air Pollution, Water pollution, & Water quality

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented adjustments in human activity globally, resulting in significant effects on environmental factors such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations, air pollution, water pollutants, and water quality. This evaluation examines the results of the pandemic on these environmental parameters, drawing upon a wide range of scientific literature and data sources. Firstly, the reduction in commercial activities, transportation, and other anthropogenic sources during lockdown periods has caused substantial declines in NO₂ concentrations in many urban areas [1]. This reduction in NO₂ levels has been attributed to decreased vehicular emissions and industrial processes, resulting in improved air in city centers. Furthermore, the pandemic has also influenced air pollution levels beyond NO₂, with reductions observed in particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations in various regions [2]. These improvements in air quality have had significant implications for public health, potentially reducing respiratory illnesses and associated health burdens [3]. In addition to air pollution, the pandemic has had mixed effects on water pollution and water quality. While reductions in industrial discharges and pollutant runoff have led to temporary improvements in water quality in some areas, there have also been instances of increased pollution due to improper disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and disinfectants [4][5]. Overall, this review highlights the complex interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental factors, emphasizing the need for sustained research and monitoring to assess the long-term effects on NO₂ concentrations, air pollution, water pollution, and water quality.