The Impact of Physical Activity on Parkinson’s Disease

A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, currently affecting over 8 million people. It is associated with complications in dopamine function, resulting in both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Currently, the main ways of treatment are through medication. However, patient improvement is often limited due to an increase in tolerance. Physical training has been shown to improve both motor and nonmotor symptoms, specifically around gait, balance, and general quality of life. Exercise has been correlated with improved signaling and release of dopamine in PD patients, which positions it to be a powerful therapeutic avenue. This paper aims to analyze the positive effects that aerobic exercise, strength training, stretching, and various other disciplines have on symptoms of PD, as well as examine the effect of duration and intensity of all mediums of training. While distinct types of exercise improve the health and symptoms of PD in patients, more research into combinatorial exercise plans is necessary. Combinatorial exercise plans offer increased safety and better cognitive involvement, which is notably lacking in current pharmacological treatments.