The Neural Mechanisms of Lucid Dreaming

Abstract

Lucid dreaming is a distinct state of consciousness where one is aware of their dream state and has the ability to reshape their dream narrative. This phenomenon has been studied by researchers using a combination of neuroimaging and electroencephalography, leading to a more profound understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Studies using neuroimaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have revealed that there is an increase of activity in brain regions associated with self-awareness during lucid dreaming, particularly throughout the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Previous studies have shown that this and other prefrontal brain regions, including the posterior association area, may be involved in controlling the cognitive pathways that lead to lucid dreaming. However, it is still unknown how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and related brain regions enable and maintain a state of lucid dreaming. Here I will overview studies showing that individuals who have heightened functional connectivity with their prefrontal cortex and association areas have more enhanced their awareness during dream experiences. I will also discuss research that shows that people who frequently experience lucid dreaming also have a strong connection between the left anterior prefrontal cortex and the dorsal segment of the anterior subdivision of the angular gyrus bilaterally, which is associated with introspection and conceptual integration. Other discussed work will describe how lucid dreamers often have better functional connections between the anterior prefrontal cortex and the angular gyrus in the temporoparietal region, which may explain the different neural network dynamics that make this dream state unique. Overall, the work discussed in this literature review offers neuroimaging insights into the neural mechanisms of self-awareness to dream, which are thought to ultimately achieve lucid dreaming.