Immunotherapy in TNBC

Abstract

This review paper focuses on the use of immunotherapy in treating Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 protein. TNBC poses significant treatment challenges due to its lack of hormonal receptors, rendering conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiation less effective. The review discusses the potential of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as Pembrolizumab, in overcoming these challenges by activating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. The paper highlights ongoing clinical trials exploring combination therapies, including the use of immunotherapy with chemotherapy or radiation, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes. It also addresses emerging research on the role of proteins like UBR5 in cancer cell evasion and the development of new treatments targeting these mechanisms. Despite the promise of immunotherapy, the review emphasizes the need for further research to understand its mechanisms, optimize treatment sequencing, and manage resistance and side effects, with the ultimate goal of achieving long-term remission and improving survival rates in TNBC patients.