China’s Belt and Road Initiative

Potential Benefits For Select Third-World Countries

Abstract

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has long been criticized as a project that exploits third world countries and expands Chinese influence worldwide. Although mounting evidence points in this direction, there exists the possibility that select countries have benefited from the collaboration. Focusing on Kazakhstan and Kenya, this paper analyzes data and other research to reveal that these countries have experienced social and economic improvements due to BRI projects. In Kazakhstan, BRI projects have reduced shipping times, trade costs, and increased exports and imports significantly. The country's GDP per capita has risen substantially, and the economy has benefited from better trade connectivity and infrastructure without accruing unsustainable debt levels. Similarly, in Kenya, the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) has improved travel times between two important cities, stimulated local economies, created jobs, and facilitated the development of the country. Although initial financial concerns were raised, the SGR has begun generating profits and contributing to Kenya's GDP growth.

The paper also addresses criticisms regarding the financial viability and alleged debt-trap diplomacy by highlighting broader economic benefits and clarifying misconceptions about debt ownership. The research does not attempt to defend the BRI as a whole but rather points to specific cases where it has shown some benefits to the host country. Finally, the paper concludes that the BRI's outcomes are diverse and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to understand its full potential and implications for global connectivity and economic development.